[attach]139151[/attach]作者: XiaYulei 时间: 2009-2-16 16:36
万森堡 (Château de Vincennes)
The Château de Vincennes is a massive 14th and 17th century French royal castle in the town of Vincennes, to the east of Paris, now a suburb of the metropolis.
Like other more famous châteaux it had its origins in a hunting lodge, set up for Louis VII about 1150 in the forest of Vincennes. In the 13th century, Philip Augustus and Louis IX erected a more substantial manor: Louis IX is reputed to have departed from Vincennes on the crusade from which he did not return. To strengthen the site, a donjon tower, 52 meters high, the tallest medieval fortified structure of Europe was added by the Valois Philippe VI, a work that was started about 1337. The grand rectangular circuit of walls, measuring more than a kilometer in length (330 x 175m), with six towers and three gates, each 42 meters high, was completed by the Valois about two generations later (ca. 1410).
In the 17th century the architect Louis Le Vau built for Louis XIV a pair of isolated ranges mirroring one another across a parterre to one side of the keep, suited for the Queen Mother and Cardinal Mazarin, but rebuilding was never pursued once Versailles occupied all attentions. Some splendid apartments show the earliest phase of Louis XIV style, before the example of Vaux-le-Vicomte presented the Sun King with a worthy model. The unlucky builder of Vaux, the minister Nicolas Fouquet found himself transferred to Vincennes, to much less comfortable lodgings.
Abandoned in the 18th century, the château still served, first as the site of the Vincennes porcelain manufactory, the precursor to Sèvres, then as a state prison, which housed the marquis de Sade, Diderot and Mirabeau, and then in 1796 an arms manufactory, suiting it to its current occupants, the historical sections of the French Armed Services. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Vincennes)
[attach]139154[/attach]作者: XiaYulei 时间: 2009-2-16 16:40
亞維農 ( Avignon) 教宗宮殿 (Palais des Papes)
14世紀時，教宗克萊蒙五世 (Pope Clement V) 認為羅馬太危險不宜久留，因此天主教教廷遷至法國南部亞維農。西元1309年到1377年間，曾有七任教宗駐蹕於此，整整68年，史稱「教宗出走時期」。西元1335年到1364年間，数任教宗 (Pope Benedict XII, Pope Clement VI, Pope Innocent VI) 建造了「教宗宮殿」(Palais des Papes) 。教宗宮殿城牆厚. 4公尺、高50公尺，窗戶口小且少，由這些防禦性的建築設計， 可以想像當年的 教宗時時處於備 戰狀態。
The Tower of Constancy, was set up in 1242 per Saint Louis on the old site of the Matafère tower, built by Charlemagne towards 790, to shelter the garrison of the king. Work finished in 1254. Its diameter is of 22m, its height at the top of the lantern is of 33m. the thickness of the walls at the base is of 6m. On the first floor, one reaches the room of the knights. It is in this room that were imprisoned at the XVIIIe century of the Protestant women of whom most known was Marie Durand who engraved on curbstone of the well the word "résister (to resist)". She was imprisoned at the age of 15 and was released 38 years later, or political prisoners (Abraham Mazel, camisard chief).
Legend tells us that the town of Provins originally dates from Roman times. According to this same tradition it was Julius Caesar who built the great tower of Provins, while in point of fact it was built in the 12th century. We are sure that a Tower existed prior to 1137, because it is mentioned as marking the limit of the fair area in a charter granted by Count Thibaud II.
The Tower was intended as a place of refuge should the town be captured. It was also used as a watchtower and a prison. Most of the surrounding feudal estates owed allegiance to the Tower of Provins, and the new owner of any such estate had to come to the Tower to swear "fealty and obeisance". In the 15th century the Tower was in bad repair, and English troops tried to capture it on two separate occasions. At the beginning of the 17th century the mayor of Provins, François de Beaufort, decided to repair and roof the Tower.
In addition to the lower hall, Caesar's Tower today still offers: the outer wall that is known as the English Crust (Pâté aux Anglais), a vaulted guardroom, the governor's room and the 17th century timberwork. Above all, this is the finest vantage point for a view over the surrounding countryside. (http://www.provins.net/anglais/decouverte/tour_cesar.htm)
Les Baux de Provence is a small village in Provence. It has a spectacular position in the Alpilles mountains, set atop a rocky outcrop crowned with a ruined castle overlooking the plains to the south. Its names refers to its site - in Provençal, a baou is a rocky spur. Les Baux was joined, along with Provence, to the French crown in the 15th century. It became a centre for Protestantism and unsuccessfully revolted against the crown, leading Cardinal Richelieu to order in 1632 that its castle and walls should be razed. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Baux_de_Provence)
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[attach]139195[/attach]作者: XiaYulei 时间: 2009-2-16 17:44
波城国家宫堡 (Chateau de Pau)
波城（Pau）位于法国西南部西班牙边境，是一座古老的历史名城。11 世纪建造的波城国家宫堡（Chateau de Pau）也是法国亨利四世 (Henri IV) 的出生地。亨利四世（1553年12月13日—1610年5月14日），也被称为亨利大帝（Henri le Grand）或纳瓦拉的亨利（Henri de Navarre ），法国国王（1589年—1610年在位），纳瓦拉国王（称恩里克三世，1572年起），法国波旁王朝的第一代国王。 (http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4 ... 5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%29)
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[attach]139198[/attach]作者: XiaYulei 时间: 2009-2-16 17:46
奥特佛尔堡 (Château de Hautefort)
The ancient fortress dates back to the early Middle Ages, as proved by the first document quoting its existence as early as 987. A house of Gouffier de Lastours, who won fame during the First Crusade, the chateau then became the seigneurial home of the troubadour Bertran de Born, who was viscount of Hautefort. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hautefort)
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[attach]139201[/attach]作者: XiaYulei 时间: 2009-2-16 17:49
朗布依埃宫堡 (Château de Rambouillet)
The Château was originally a simple fortified manor dating back to 1368 that over time was expanded to a Renaissance style chateau. It is where King Francois I died in 1547. Like the Hôtel de Rambouillet in Paris, the château was owned by the Marquis de Rambouillet, during the reign of King Louis XIII of France. The wooded park was laid out with wide rides radiating from the chateau.
In 1783 the château became the property of the Crown, purchased for King Louis XVI, and from 1870 to 1883, the Château was leased to the duc de la Trémoille. In February 1896, Rambouillet received a visit from President Félix Faure who had decided to spend his summers there. Since then, Rambouillet has become the summer residence of Presidents of the Republic who entertain and give hunting parties for many foreign dignitaries, princes and heads of State. As a part-time residence of the head of state, it is sometimes referred to as the Palace of Rambouillet. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Rambouillet)
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[attach]139203[/attach]作者: XiaYulei 时间: 2009-2-16 17:50
沃子爵府邸 (Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte)
1660年，法王路易十四参观财政大臣富凯（Fouquet）的沃子爵府邸（Chateau de Vaux-le-Vicomte），为其房屋与花园的宏伟壮丽所折服，当时王室在巴黎郊外的行宫——圣日耳曼宫、凡塞讷宫、圣克鲁宫等无一可以与其相比。路易十四嫉妒之余将富凯以“贪污”罪名投入巴士底狱，并命令沃子爵府邸的设计师勒诺特（André Le Nôtre）和著名建筑师勒沃（Louis Le Vau）为其设计新的行宫，凡尔赛宫 (继续请参观凡尔赛宫与模仿者)。(http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%9B%E5%AE%AB)
香蒂邑堡 (Château de Chantilly) 位在巴黎北方，1844年歐馬公爵將主權給予法蘭西研究院 (l'Institut de France) 後，而成為國家級文化古蹟，建築物本身結構主要兼具十六世紀及十九世紀的風格，城堡建築雄偉壯麗，廣大的英式花園以幾何對稱及雕像為主，城堡的歷史如下: 1386年至1897年，城堡都是同一家族繼承，從未轉賣他人，使得城堡的維護與風格有相當的一致性。追溯起這家族的輝煌歷史，可從15世紀的ANNE開始，也是Chantilly建立雛形的關鍵期，由於與兩任國王法蘭索瓦一世、亨利二世有血親關係，一直是最有權勢的皇室成員之一，從佔地的寬廣與華麗的繪畫裝飾上可見其備受尊寵的一面。到了17~19世紀的波旁王朝，城堡有兩位重要的主人，分別是國王的表親 le Grand Conde 和路易菲力浦國王的兒子亨利，後受封為歐馬公爵的「奧爾良之亨利」，他8歲時從伯父恭德王子(le prince de Conde) 繼承這個城堡，之後開始一連串的擴建與整修，並將其個人的藏書，繪畫，素描，首飾，藝術品等全放進該堡，到了1884年，公爵將城堡主權移交給法蘭西研究院，讓它成為國家產業，1898年公爵過世後，法蘭西研究院將城堡更名為Conde博物館，開放給民眾進入參觀。所屬的Conde博物館收藏有拉斐爾(RAPHAEL)，季希科(GERICAULT)，瓦德(WATTEAU)，殷可(INGRES)，得拉夸(DELACROIX)，布桑(POUSSIN)...等著名畫家的大作約800幅，其中一間展示了法國波旁王朝歷任國王、伯爵及后妃小肖像包括著名的凱薩琳梅迪奇、亨利四世和瑪歌皇后。更令人興奮的是，這裡還有一座收藏稀有書籍多達三萬冊的圖書館！其中包含有許多手抄本。(http://www.wretch.cc/blog/vichan/2644938)作者: ngsunyu 时间: 2009-2-21 12:26 本帖最后由 ngsunyu 于 2009-2-21 12:30 编辑