The Gothic cathedral was a liber pauperum, a "poor people's book", covered with sculpture vividly illustrating biblical stories, for the vast majority of parishioners who were illiterate. To add to the effect, all of the sculpture on the façades was originally painted and gilded. The tympanum over the central portal on the west façade, facing the square, vividly illustrates the Last Judgment, with figures of sinners being led off to hell, and good Christians taken to heaven. The sculpture of the right portal shows the coronation of the Virgin Mary, and the left portal shows the lives of saints who were important to Parisians, particularly Saint Anne, the mother of the Virgin Mary. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris)
火灾后巴黎圣母院已关闭，三大玫瑰花窗没有损坏，但将被拆除进行修复。 这是西面玫瑰花窗。
The stained glass windows of Notre-Dame, particularly the three rose windows, are among the most famous features of the cathedral. The west rose window, over the portals, was the first and smallest of the roses in Notre-Dame. It is 9.6 meters in diameter, and was made in about 1225, with the pieces of glass set in a thick circular stone frame. None of the original glass remains in this window; it was recreated in the 19th century.
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris)
The two transept windows are larger and contain a greater proportion of glass than the rose on the west façade, because the new system of buttresses made the nave walls thinner and stronger. The north rose was created in about 1250, and the south rose in about 1260. The south rose in the transept is particularly notable for its size and artistry. It is 12.9 meters in diameter; with the claire-voie surrounding it, a total of 19 meters. It was given to the Cathedral by King Louis IX of France, known as Saint Louis.
The south rose has 94 medallions, arranged in four circles, depicting scenes from the life of Christ and those who witnessed his time on earth. The inner circle has twelve medallions showing the twelve apostles. (During later restorations, some of these original medallions were moved to circles farther out). The next two circles depict celebrated martyrs and virgins. The fourth circle shows twenty angels, as well as saints important to Paris, notably Saint Denis, Margaret the Virgin with a dragon, and Saint Eustace. The third and fourth circles also have some depictions of Old Testament subjects. The third circle has some medallions with scenes from the New Testament Gospel of Matthew which date from the last quarter of the 12th century. These are the oldest glass in the window.
Additional scenes in the corners around the rose window include Jesus' Descent into Hell, Adam and Eve, the Resurrection of Christ. Saint Peter and Saint Paul are at the bottom of the window, and Mary Magdalene and John the Apostle at the top.
Above the rose was a window depicting Christ triumphant seated in the sky, surrounded by his Apostles. Below are sixteen windows with painted images of Prophets. These were not part of the original window; they were painted during the restoration in the 19th century by Alfred Gérenthe, under the direction of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, based upon a similar window at Chartres Cathedral.
The south rose had a difficult history. In 1543 it was damaged by the settling of the masonry walls, and not restored until 1725–1727. It was seriously damaged in the French Revolution of 1830. Rioters burned the residence of the archbishop, next to the cathedral, and many of the panes were destroyed. The window was entirely rebuilt by Viollet-le-Duc in 1861. He rotated the window by fifteen degrees to give it a clear vertical and horizontal axis, and replaced the destroyed pieces of glass with new glass in the same style. The window today contains both medieval and 19th century glass.
In the 1960s, after three decades of debate, it was decided to replace many of the 19th-century grisaille windows in the nave designed by Viollet-le-Duc with new windows. The new windows, made by Jacques Le Chevallier, are without human figures and use abstract grisaille designs and color to try to recreate the luminosity of the Cathedral's interior in the 13th century.
The 2019 fire left the three great medieval rose windows essentially intact, but with some damage. The rector of the Cathedral noted that one rose window would have to be dismantled, as it was unstable and at risk. Most of the other damaged windows were of much less historical value. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris)
作者: ngsunyu 时间: 2019-5-1 00:06
火灾后巴黎圣母院已关闭，但巴黎附近有三座值得参观的哥特式大教堂。只要向西走650米，您可以到达 巴黎圣礼拜教堂（法语：La Sainte-Chapelle），那里有更壮观的彩色花窗玻璃。只要乘地铁, 不到30分钟, 您可以到达 巴黎近郊的圣丹尼修道院大教堂（法语：Abbaye de Saint-Denis ou Basilique de Saint-Denis），那里是哥特式建筑发源地。只要乘火车, 不到两小时, 您可以到达 沙特尔大教堂（法语：Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres），那里是哥特式大教堂的代表作。作者: ngsunyu 时间: 2019-5-13 00:24 本帖最后由 ngsunyu 于 2019-5-13 00:27 编辑
巴黎西岱岛有个法国公路“零公里点” (法語：Point Zero des Routes de France) 标志镶嵌在巴黎圣母院广场的地面上，是一块带有巴黎城徽标志的圆形铜牌，距离圣母院正门入口有20米左右。环绕这个标志的四大块青石上面刻着：“法国道路起点” (法語：Point Zero des Routes de France) 字样。这个标志是巴黎市象征性的中心和法国所有经过首都的公路的起点。(news.sina.com.cn)
邮戳是南面玫瑰花窗。请参考第五楼。作者: ngsunyu 时间: 2022-6-5 00:30
法国邮政2021年新邮是巴黎圣母院的大管风琴。作者: ngsunyu 时间: 2022-6-5 00:31
巴黎圣母院的大管风琴是位于大教堂内西侧玫瑰窗下的管风琴。 它有 115 支按音栓和近 8,000 根管子。作者: ngsunyu 时间: 2022-6-5 00:33
The first instrument is mentioned as early as 1357. In 1403, a new organ is built. Till 1730, there is a history of many transformations and extensions. The present organ originates from a new organ constructed by François Thierry in 1730-33. This instrument was renovated and extended in 1783-88 by François-Henri Clicquot. In 1864-68, the positive was taken away by Violet le Duc (it is still stored somewhere in the cathedral) and the Clicquot organ was transformed into a symphonic organ by Cavaillé-Coll. He introduced a novelty here by extending the harmonics using a 7th and its octaves. In the years 1959 - 1968 the instrument was electrified , extended and reharmonized par Jean Hermann and Robert Boisseau under the direction of Pierre Cochereau and lost its symphonic character. In 1990-92, a large-scale restoration was carried out by Boisseau & Cattiaux, Emeriau, Giroud, returning the organ to its symphonic character of the 19th century, while maintaining the classical 32' grand choeur as reconstructed in the past century. In 2012-2014, the organ was restorated again and enlarged by Bertrand Cattiaux and Pascal Quoirin. They installed a new computer traction, repaired the sunken pipes, cleaned the organ and modified the "small pedal" into a ‘resonnance’ board. A register system motorized by high-pressure pneumatic actuators was supplied to replace Cavaille-Coll's action stop ties and the pneumatic stop tie machines were completely restored. 33 stops are from before the revolution, around 50 are from Cavaillé-Coll.
(www.organsparisaz2.vhhil.nl/ND paris.htm)
Le grand orgue actuel est le fruit des travaux successifs de plusieurs grands facteurs d’orgue : construction dans le buffet actuel par François Thierry en 1733, reconstructions par François-Henri Clicquot en 1783, puis par Aristide Cavaillé-Coll en 1868 ; restaurations par Boisseau depuis 1960, avec la collaboration des entreprises Giroud, Emeriau et Synaptel en 1992. En 1868, il comprenait 86 jeux. À l’heure actuelle, après de multiples ajouts et restaurations, il compte 115 jeux réels depuis 2014. On dénombre près de huit mille tuyaux. La transmission est devenue numérique pour les cinq claviers ainsi que le tirage des 115 jeux réels.
Un programme général des travaux de restauration a été confié aux ateliers Pascal Quoirin et B. Cattiaux. Commencés en mai 1990, ils se sont achevés en novembre 1992.
L'incendie du 15 avril 2019 ne semble pas l'avoir gravement endommagé, mais l'orgue nécessite un important travail de dépose et de restauration9. Provisoirement inutilisable en raison de la suie et de la poussière, il devra être démonté de fond en comble.
Jusqu'à l'incendie d'avril 2019, un récital était donné chaque samedi à 20 heures par les organistes titulaires ou par des organistes invités.(fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_orgue_de_Notre-Dame_de_Paris)作者: ngsunyu 时间: 2023-10-29 14:55 本帖最后由 ngsunyu 于 2023-10-29 14:57 编辑