卡拉瓦乔 (Michelangelo Merisi detto il Caravaggio) 的 《手提歌利亚头颅的大卫》

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米开朗基罗·梅里西·达·卡拉瓦乔 (Michelangelo Merisi detto il Caravaggio, 1571年9月29日—1610年7月18日) 对巴洛克画派的形成有重要影响。
卡拉瓦乔的一生醉人、危险而又充满了谜。 关于他最早的评介见于1604年, 这份材料描述他的生活方式, 说 “他干两周的活儿就能跨剑大摇大摆逛一两个月, 还有一个仆人跟着, 从一个球场到另一个, 总是准备争吵打斗, 因此跟他在一起狼狈之极。”   在 1606年, 卡拉瓦乔在争斗时杀死了一个年轻人, 人家悬赏他的项上人头, 于是他逃离罗马。在 1610年夏天, 卡拉瓦乔乘船朝北接受赦免状, 赦免状似乎归功于他那些有权势的罗马朋友。 此行他带了给红衣主教希皮奥内作礼物的最后三幅画。其 中一幅 他画了 《手提歌利亚头颅的大卫》(Davide con la testa di Golia), 画中年轻的大卫以奇怪的悲伤神情注视巨人的带伤的头颅, 这颗头颅依旧是卡拉瓦乔的头。这幅画他可能送给红衣主教希皮奥内·博尔盖塞 (Cardinal Scipione Borghese) , 这个狂热的艺术爱好者掌握着赦免大权。 接下来发生的一切众说纷纭, 莫衷一是。不加渲染的事实是, 7月28日一份从罗马发到乌尔比诺的公爵宅邸的匿名私人新闻说卡拉瓦乔死了。 3天以后另一份私人新闻说他死于热病。这些是最早的死亡简报, 后来有更加详细的报道。但一直没有发现尸体。卡拉瓦乔的一个诗人朋友把 7月18日当作他的忌日, 最近有研究者声称发现了一个讣告, 讣告显示卡拉瓦乔那一天在托斯卡尼区格罗塞图附近的埃尔科莱港 (Porto Ercole) 死于热病。(http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/卡拉瓦乔)

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On May 1606 Caravaggio was accused of murder and fled from Rome to distant lands (Naples, Sicily, Malta) to escape the price that had been placed on his head. His self-portrait as Goliath's severed head, held by David his executioner, was sent to the papal court in 1610 as a kind of painted petition for pardon. In fact pardon was granted, but did not reach Caravaggio before he died in Porto Ercole. In his David with the Head of Goliath Caravaggio pays tribute to the rapid brushstrokes Titian adopts in his later works and surrounds the youth's face with a kind of luminous halo that shines out from the dark, earthy tints surrounding the figure. (http://www.galleriaborghese.it/borghese/en/edavicara.htm)

This painting was featured in BBC "Simon Schama's Power of Art" Caravaggio (2006)  (YouTube link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qErvN6Qeno&feature=related)

David with the Head of Goliath is a painting by the Italian Baroque artist Caravaggio. It is housed in the Galleria Borghese, Rome. The painting, which was in the collection of Cardinal Scipione Borghese in 1613, has been dated as early as 1605 and as late as 1609–1610, with more recent scholars tending towards the latter.

The immediate inspiration for Caravaggio is a work by a follower of Giorgione, c.1510, but Caravaggio captures the drama more effectively by having the head dangling from David's hand and dripping blood, rather than resting on a ledge. The sword in David's hand carries an abbreviated inscription H-AS OS; this has been interpreted as an abbreviation of the Latin phrase Humilitas occidit superbiam ("humility kills pride").  

David is perturbed, "his expression mingling sadness and compassion."  The decision to depict him as pensive rather than jubilant creates an unusual psychological bond between him and Goliath. This bond is further complicated by the fact that Caravaggio has depicted himself as Goliath, while the model for David is il suo Caravaggino ("his own little Caravaggio").

If the painting was a gift to Cardinal Borghese, the papal official with the power to grant Caravaggio a pardon for murder, it can also be interpreted as a personal plea for mercy. "David with the Head of Goliath [thus] demonstrates Caravaggio's gift for distilling his own experiences into an original sacred imagery that transcends the personal to become a searing statement of the human condition." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath_(Caravaggio)

在罗马波格赛美术馆 购买的明信片表面太光滑因此戳盖砸了。

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罗马戳画藏于罗马波格赛美术馆。