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The Monastery of Great Lavra (Greek: Μονή Μεγίστης Λαύρας) is the first monastery built on Mount Athos. It is located on the southeastern foot of the Mount at an elevation of 160 metres. The founding of the monastery in 963 by Athanasius the Athonite marks the beginning of the organized monastic life at Mount Athos. At the location of the monastery, there was one of the ancient cities of the Athos peninsula, perhaps Akrothooi, from which the sarcophaguses of the monastery that are in the oil storage house come from. The history of the monastery is the most complete in comparison with the history of the other monasteries, because its historical archieves were preserved almost intact. It is possible that the study of these archieves may contribute to the completion of the knowledge of the history of other monasteries, whose archieves were partially or all of them lost.
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<>The main church (Katholikon) was found by Athanasius who also lost his life together with other 6 workers when during the construction one of the domes fell. The architectural style of the temple is characterized by the two large areas of the chorus and the preyer. This style was then consecrated and was copied by the other monasteries. The frescoes were made in 1535 by the great painter Theophanis. However, the narthex was painted in 1854.</P>
<>Northern of the preyer, there is the chapel of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste in which there is the grave of Athanasius. Southern of the prayer, there is the chapel of Saint Nicholas, painted by Franco Cantellano, in 1560. The trapeza opposite the central entrance has a shape of cross and is the biggest on Mount Athos. Its internal is full of frescoes, painted by Theophanis or his school.</P>
The vestry is behind the main church. Some of the most important artifacts are a manuscript of a gospel with a golden cover which is a gift from Nikephoros II Phokas and the list (Kouvaras) of the monks since Athanasius. There are also 2,500 icons which cover the whole history of hagiography of the second millennium. </P>
The library of the monastery contains 2,116 greek manuscripts and 165 codeces. Among them uncial manuscripts of the New Testament: Codex Coislinianus, Codex Athous Lavrentis, and Uncial 049. There are also over 20,000 printed books, and about 100 manuscripts in other languages. The collection is one of the richest collections of greek manuscripts in the world. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lavra_(Athos)
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[此贴子已经被作者于2008-10-14 10:21:02编辑过] |